What are the key principles of object-oriented programming?
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The key principles of object-oriented programming (OOP) are:
Encapsulation: Encapsulation is the process of combining data and methods into a single unit known as an object. The object contains its state (data) and behaviour (methods), and it interacts with other objects via a well-defined interface.
Inheritance: Objects can inherit attributes and behaviour from their parent or base class. Inheritance encourages code reuse and makes it easier to create specialised classes.
Polymorphism: The capacity of objects of various classes to respond to the same message or method invocation in multiple ways is referred to as polymorphism. Polymorphism allows code to be flexible, extensible, and modular.
Abstraction: Abstraction is the process of simplifying complicated systems by describing important aspects and concealing superfluous elements. It is primarily concerned with building interfaces, classes, and methods that give a high-level view of objects and their behaviours.